乳房造影是甚麼?
What is Mammography?
乳房X光造影（Mammography）是一項透過X光拍攝乳房組織，評估乳房的健康狀況的檢查技術，是目前國際公認最有效的乳癌篩查工具之一。
乳房X光造影（Mammography）能幫助醫生發現微小病變，例如與早期乳癌密切相關的「微鈣化點」（Microcalcifications）或早期結構性改變。透過捕捉這些細微跡象，有助醫生在癌症發展初期便介入治療，提升治療成效及存活率。
Mammography is a screening technique that uses X-rays to capture images of breast tissue, assessing the health of the breasts. It is currently recognized internationally as one of the most effective tools for breast cancer screening.
Mammography can help doctors detect subtle changes, such as "microcalcifications" closely associated with early breast cancer or early structural changes. By capturing these subtle signs, it allows doctors to intervene in the early stages of cancer development, improving treatment effectiveness and survival rates.
誰應考慮進行乳房造影篩查？
Who should consider undergoing mammography screening?
綜合美國癌症協會（American Cancer Society）及本港衛生署的建議，以下女性應定期考慮進行乳房X光造影檢查：
- 40歲或以上女性：建議每一至兩年進行一次篩查，以監察乳房健康狀況。
- 高風險族群：如有直系親屬（母親、姊妹、女兒）曾患乳癌、或帶有已知基因突變等，醫生或會建議病人提早並更頻密地進行檢查。
乳房造影檢查過程
檢查時，儀器會利用兩個平面的壓迫板將乳房均勻壓平以分散乳房組織，以取得清晰的造影效果。
過程中可能會有不適感，但只會維持十數秒。整個乳房X光造影檢查過程約需10分鐘。為提升舒適度，建議病人安排在經期結束後的一至兩星期內進行檢查，此時乳房漲痛感會較輕微。
According to recommendations from the American Cancer Society and the local health department, the following women should regularly consider mammography:
- Women aged 40 and above: It is recommended to undergo screening every one to two years to monitor breast health.
- High-risk groups: If there is a direct family history (mother, sister, daughter) of breast cancer or known genetic mutations, doctors may recommend earlier and more frequent screenings.
Mammography Examination Process
During the examination, the machine uses two flat compression plates to evenly flatten the breasts, dispersing breast tissue to obtain clear imaging results.
There may be some discomfort during the process, but it lasts only for a few seconds. The entire mammography examination takes about 10 minutes. To enhance comfort, it is advisable for patients to schedule the examination about one to two weeks after their menstrual period ends, as breast tenderness will be less pronounced at that time.
什麼是3D立體乳房造影?
What is 3D mammography?
Figures 1, 3: 2D----------------------------vs---Figures 2,4 :3D
3D立體乳房造影，是一項先進的醫學影像技術，改善了傳統2D乳房造影的局限性。
- 傳統2D影像的限制： 傳統乳房造影是2D影像，每個角度只造出一張照片，乳房內前後的組織會互相重疊影響準確度。
- 3D斷層攝影的突破： 3D乳房造影則透過斷層攝影技術，從多個角度造影，令乳房組織更清楚地呈現出來。
- 提升診斷準確度： 斷層式造影能有效消除因乳腺組織重疊而造成的影像干擾，大幅提升診斷準確度，此技術已獲得美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)權威認可。
3D Mammography is an advanced medical imaging technology that addresses the limitations of traditional 2D mammography.
- Limitations of Traditional 2D Imaging: Traditional mammography produces 2D images, capturing only one photo from each angle, which can lead to overlapping breast tissue affecting accuracy.
- Breakthrough of 3D Tomosynthesis: 3D mammography uses tomosynthesis technology to capture images from multiple angles, allowing breast tissue to be presented more clearly.
- Enhanced Diagnostic Accuracy: Tomosynthesis effectively eliminates image interference caused by overlapping breast tissue, significantly improving diagnostic accuracy. This technology has received authoritative approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
相較於傳統2D造影，3D技術具備以下主要優勢:
As compared to 2D mammogram, 3D has:
- 提升入侵性乳癌偵測率達40%
- 乳房被按壓時間縮短且不適感更低 (每個角度僅約3.75秒)
- 輻射劑量與X光劑量相近
- 40% increase in invasive breast cancer detection rate
- Short time under compression ~3.75s, Less discomfort
- Comparable radiation dose
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